Search results for "lactic acidosi"
showing 10 items of 13 documents
Thiamine for the treatment of nucleoside analogue-induced severe lactic acidosis
1999
Nucleoside analogue-induced lactic acidosis is an often fatal condition in patients with HIV. There is only one report of successful treatment with riboflavin. We describe a 30-year-old female with AIDS and nucleoside analogue-induced lactic acidosis that exacerbated shortly after introducing total parenteral nutrition and reversed within hours after the addition of thiamine. Successful treatment of nucleoside analogue-induced lactic acidosis with a high dose of thiamine supports the hypothesis that vitamin deficiency is an important cofactor in the development of this rare and unpredictable condition in patients with HIV. We suggest that high dose B-vitamins should be given to any patient …
Myo-, neuro-, gastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE syndrome) due to partial deficiency of cytochrome-c-oxidase
1987
A 42-year-old woman had a 10-year history of external ophthalmoplegia, malabsorption resulting in chronic malnutrition, muscle atrophy and polyneuropathy. Computer tomography revealed hypodensity of her cerebral white matter. A metabolic disturbance consisted of lactic acidosis after moderate glucose loads with increased excretion of hydroxybutyric and fumaric acids. Post-mortem studies revealed gastrointestinal scleroderma as the morphological manifestation of her malabsorption syndrome, ocular and skeletal myopathy with ragged red fibers, peripheral neuropathy, vascular abnormalities of meningeal and peripheral nerve vessels. Biochemical examination of the liver and muscle tissues reveale…
Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD): unusual occult exocrine pancreatic manifestation in an affected German family
2000
The mitochondrial (mt) 3243 DNA mutation is an underlying cause of maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) syndrome and the syndrome of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). We report an affected German MIDD pedigree with maternal lineage over three generations. The index patient, her mother, her maternal aunt and her maternal grandmother all suffered from diabetes and premature hearing loss and were positive on testing for the mt 3243 DNA mutation. The 27-year-old index patient had a history of grand mal seizures. As sequela of abdominal ultrasound and confirmed by magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreaticography, she was diagnose…
Mitochondrial disruption and apoptosis in lymphocytes of an HIV infected patient affected by lactic acidosis after treatment with highly active antir…
2003
Aims: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can induce an increase in lactic acid concentrations that seems to be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the interaction of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) with DNA polymerase γ in the mitochondria. Mitochondrial alterations have been described in liver and muscle cells of NRTI treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Because lymphocytes are the main target for HIV and because mitochondria are involved in apoptosis, we studied mitochondrial morphology and apoptosis in the lymphocytes of an HIV infected patient with severe lactic acidosis after treatment with stavudine, didanosine, and ind…
Protective action of 1,3-butanediol in cerebral ischemia. A neurologic, histologic, and metabolic study.
1987
1,3-Butanediol (BD) is converted in the body to β-hydroxybutyrate, and previous studies have shown that hyperketonemia had beneficial effects in experimental models of generalized hypoxia. The aim of this study was to determine if BD would reduce brain damage following cerebral ischemia. A transient forebrain ischemia of 30-min duration was induced by the four-vessel occlusion technique in control and BD-treated rats (25 mmol/kg, i.p.; 30 min prior to ischemia). BD treatment led to significant improvement of neurologic deficit during the 72-h recovery period and reduced neuronal damage in the striatum and cortex but not in the CA1 sector of the hippocampus. Evaluation of cerebral energy me…
Fasting prior to transient cerebral ischemia reduces delayed neuronal necrosis.
1990
A transient brain ischemia of 30-min duration was induced by the four-vessel occlusion technique in normally fed and in 48-hr-fasted rats. Evaluation of brain damage 72 hr after ischemia showed that fasting reduced neuronal necrosis in the striatum, the neocortex, and the lateral part of the CA1 sector of hippocampus. Signs of status spongiosis in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra were seen in 75% of fed rats and in only 19% of fasted rats. The protective effect was associated with reduction in mortality and in postischemic seizure incidence. The metabolic changes induced by fasting were evaluated before and during ischemia. After 30 min of four-vessel occlusion, fasted rats showe…
Aplasia of the retinal vessels combined with optic nerve hypoplasia, neonatal epileptic seizures, and lactic acidosis due to mitochondrial complex I …
1992
A newborn male with mitochondrial complex I deficiency suffered from neonatal epileptic seizures, which later developed into infantile spasms. The infant was blind due to aplasia of the retinal vessels and hypoplasia of the optic nerve. There was congenital lactic acidosis, which persisted in later life. The boy was microcephalic and retarded. Muscular hypotonia later shifted to spasticity. Succinic acid was increased in urine. We assume that the aplasia of the retinal vessels is due to damage of the retinal ganglion cells caused by the mitochondrial disease in the first 3 to 4 months of pregnancy.
Effect of acidosis on lipid peroxidation in brain slices.
1991
Acidification of the incubation medium markedly increased lipid peroxidation of cortical brain slices. Lactic acidosis caused a more extensive lipid peroxidation than did phosphoric acidosis (+35% at pH 6 and +81% at pH 5), probably due to the rapid diffusion of the protonated form of lactic acid across cell membranes. These results support the hypothesis that free radical mechanisms may be involved in the cytotoxicity of acidosis.
Mitochondrial myopathy with lactic acidosis and deficient activity of muscle succinate cytochrome-c-oxidoreductase
1984
A male infant had severe muscular hypotonia from birth. Recurrent vomiting with dehydration and severe metabolic acidosis complicated the course. Elevated lactate (up to 12.3 mmol/l; n less than 2), pyruvate (0.4 mmol/l; n less than 0.05) and alanine levels were found in serum with an abnormal lactate/pyruvate ratio (greater than 30; n less than 15). In urine the concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, alanine and of several intermediates of the citric acid cycle were increased. In muscle, numerous disseminated "ragged red fibres" were found by light microscopy; muscle fibres were found to contain subsarcolemmal aggregates of mitochondria, lipid droplets and glycogen by electromicroscopical me…
Exercise hyperventilation in chronic heart failure is not caused by systemic lactic acidosis
2005
Background: Patients with heart failure have an abnormally high ventilatory response to exercise associated with gas exchange defects and reduced arterial pCO2. Aims: We examined the possibility of lactic acidosis as the stimulus to this increased ventilation that abnormally depresses pCO2 during exercise in heart failure. Method and results: We studied 18 patients with chronic heart failure. We measured VE/VCO2 slope during exercise, arterial blood gases and lactate concentrations during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (rest, peak exercise and one minute after the end of exercise). Neither VE/VCO2 slope nor arterial pCO2 were related to arterial lactate concentrations at peak exercise (r=…